In a high pressure cargo tank, what is the purpose of the spring-loaded relief valves?

The primary purpose of spring-loaded relief valves in a high pressure cargo tank is to prevent explosion hazards during operation. These valves are designed to automatically relieve excess pressure that builds up inside the tank due to temperature increases or chemical reactions. By venting gas or vapor, the relief valves help to maintain pressure within safe limits, minimizing the risk of a catastrophic failure, such as an explosion or tank rupture. This safety mechanism is crucial in preventing accidents that could arise from over-pressurization, making it an essential feature in the design and operation of high pressure cargo tanks.

Maintaining a low temperature, controlling corrosive materials, and allowing vapor venting during unloading all have their own importance in specific scenarios, but they do not directly address the critical function of mitigating explosion risks associated with excessive pressure within the tank. Thus, while each of the other options addresses relevant considerations, the relief valves specifically serve to enhance safety by preventing potential explosive conditions.